• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening illness caused by bacterial toxins entering the bloodstream.
• While often linked to tampons, TSS can affect anyone, including men, children, and people who don't menstruate.
• Using the lowest necessary tampon absorbency and changing it every four to eight hours can significantly reduce your TSS risk.

Toxic shock syndrome occurs when certain bacteria and toxins enter the bloodstream. It's rare, but because it can become serious quickly, knowing the basics is worth a few minutes.

TSS happens when certain bacteria, most often Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus, produce toxins that enter the bloodstream and affect multiple organ systems. Although it's strongly associated with tampon use, it isn't exclusive to it. Skin wounds, surgical incisions, and burns can all lead to TSS, which is why it can affect anyone, regardless of whether they have periods.

TSS symptoms come on suddenly and worsen fast. Seek medical care immediately if you notice:

• A sudden high fever
• A sunburn-like rash, often on the palms and soles
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Dizziness, fainting, or low blood pressure
• Muscle aches and headache

If you're using a tampon and develop these symptoms, remove it and get medical help right away.

The encouraging part is that prevention is straightforward. A few simple habits can help you prevent TSS:

• Use the lowest absorbency tampon that handles your flow
• Change tampons every four to eight hours, and never wear one for longer than eight hours
• Alternate tampons with pads, and do not wear tampons overnight
• Wash your hands before and after inserting or removing any product
• Keep any wounds clean and watch for signs of infection

Modern tampons no longer use the materials linked to the TSS cases of the 1980s, and absorbency labeling is now standardized to help you choose wisely.

• Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but life-threatening illness caused by bacterial toxins entering the bloodstream, and while commonly associated with tampons, it can affect anyone.
• TSS symptoms appear suddenly and include high fever, a sunburn-like rash, vomiting, and dizziness, all of which require immediate medical attention.
• Using the lowest necessary tampon absorbency, changing it every four to eight hours, and keeping wounds clean are the most effective ways to reduce your risk.

Sources:

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

Toxic shock syndrome - Symptoms & causes | Mayo Clinic

Protect Your Health by Avoiding Toxic Shock Syndrome | University of Utah Health